Employee Privacy Rights in the Workplace Concerning Internet Essay

Representative Privacy Rights in the Workplace Concerning Internet - Essay Example As work environment utilization of web and dependence on email develops, businesses are burning through increasingly more effort observing and controlling their representatives' messages and other PC correspondences to maintain a strategic distance from expected risk under antagonistic condition law. Regardless of whether antidiscrimination law were not a factor, bosses would take part in a specific degree of observing and guideline to guarantee that their laborers were not squandering the workday texting their companions and Web surfing. However, numerous businesses are working out in a good way past what is expected to augment efficiency, and are utilizing advanced reconnaissance instruments to screen representative email to take off potential segregation protests. One-fourth of every enormous enterprise, for instance, perform watchword or expression searches to control representative messages, generally searching for sexual, dirty, or bigot language (Rotenberg, M. 1993). Subsequen tly, the issue for all workers in the Internet age is the absence of security in venting fuss on the web. On the off chance that you vent to your closest companions and your life partner, the manager never discovers, Houston Labor legal counselor Linda Wills commented. In the event that you vent in the passage or on the Internet, you're requesting inconvenience. Obviously, Internet checking is only one way bosses track representatives. A great many people who work for private bosses have their established rights placed in the trash for eight to ten hours a day.Basically, it is accepted that Performance checking has been basic to hierarchical viability for quite a long time. Observing empowers associations to get data that can be utilized to survey and improve representative execution. Roused by the assortment of advantages that may collect from checking, associations have looked to improve the viability of their observing endeavors by surveying employees’ email and sites whic h they peruse. (Jerry Adler, 1998) It is likewise said that Employers are utilizing these procedures because of a flood of threatening condition claims brought by ladies and other people who either got explicitly interesting messages, or who were basically insulted to find that their associates had traded such messages among themselves. Pretty much every threatening condition case contains charges of hostile working environment messages. While the facts confirm that couple of threatening condition cases succeed exclusively based on charges that a corporate litigant endured hostile messages, such messages do antagonistic condition respondents no favors, so it is generally reasonable to forbid them totally. As a main First Amendment researcher brings up, as long as messages can be utilized as a component of a threatening situation guarantee, â€Å"the mindful business must confine every individual occasion of such discourse. The business must state,

Business Aligning And Business Impact Information Technology Essay

Business Aligning And Business Impact Information Technology Essay There are numerous perspectives on what establishes business system. Definitions for business system and its highlights incorporate the accompanying. A business procedure à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ ought to embody an announcement of an associations strategic vision so that there is an unmistakable and reliable purpose of center (King, 1978); à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ gives a purposeful game plan (Kaplan Norton, 1996: Henderson Venkatraman, 1993, King 1978); 2)Definition of IS/IT Strategy Figure 1: IS/IT Strategy. The figure portrays the where, what and how of the arranging Source: Source: Edwards, Ward Bytheway, 1991; Ward Peppard, 2002, p.41 IS Strategy IS methodology can be characterized as a technique to actualize data frameworks that perceives hierarchical necessities, as it were interest for the data and frameworks to help the general business system and its arrangement to pick up or keep up the favorable position (Rackoff, Wiseman Ullrich, 1985; Ward Peppard, 2002; Edwards, Ward Bytheway, 1991). An IS methodology ought to incorporate the business requirements for the future adjusted near the business system. It ought to likewise characterize and organize the ventures expected to accomplish the application portfolio. IT Strategy IT technique is the gracefully to the interest made by IS system. It plots the vision of how the associations interest for data and frameworks will be bolstered by innovation (Ward Peppard, 2002). They further propose that the IT methodology is worried about the IT capacities and administrations like IT tasks, frameworks improvement and client support. Luftman (2003) alludes to the IT procedure as a lot of choices made by IT and utilitarian business directors that either empower or drive the business system. It prompts the arrangement of innovation foundation and applications, and human skills that will help the association in getting increasingly serious. Figure2: Inputs and yields of IS/IT technique Source: Edwards, Ward Bytheway, 1991 Writing on IS and IT Strategy Considering Clarke (2005), The job of Information Systems (IS) has created during the years. The first arrangement was of robotization of existing manual and precomputer mechanical procedures. This (robotization of existing manual procedures) was immediately supplanted by the legitimization and incorporation of frameworks. In both of these structures, IS was viewed essentially as an operational help instrument, and optionally as an assistance to The board Clarke (2005) further recommends, Information Technology (IT) had been basic to the usage of an associations procedure. The prevailing sense wherein the term is utilized is that a key data framework (SIS) is a data framework which bolsters an association in satisfying its business objectives. Ward and Griffiths (1996, p1) state that it is fundamental for the associations to see how the job of innovation based data frameworks has advanced. With time, associations have understood that there is a need to approach IS/IT all the more strategically by understanding the job of IT in business, and making IT a piece of business. As recommended by Ward and Peppard (2002, p1) the associations are taking a gander at the use of innovation not exclusively to support existing business activities yet in addition to make new open doors that furnish them with a wellspring of upper hand and propose a vital methodology for dealing with their frameworks. Kearns and Lederer (2003) have bolstered the basic and vital job of IS/IT by expressing that, Recent studies of CEOs (Chief Executive Officer) have demonstrated that, in spite of various bombed ventures, data innovation has expected a basic and key job in their association. On the off chance that IS/IT is to satisfy its job, the CIOs (Chief Information Officer) need to receive Strategic Information Systems Planning. SISP started during 1970s and associations started utilizing IS/IT in manners that changed the working of their organizations. Bruns and McFarlan (1987) felt that, Information Technology has accomplished something other than upgrading the current procedures inside the association. IT has given the sparkle that made the directors reconsider their business methodologies. The associations that have changed their control frameworks and structures have seen a change in the adequacy of the business forms. Bruns and McFarlan (1987) further propose that, they have discovered approaches to channel the intensity of data to the muscles of their partnerships. IS/IT-Business Alignment For an association to accomplish upper hand it is significant that the business use IS/IT to help the fundamental business forms and become dependant on IS/IT. It is additionally significant that there is IT interest in business arranging (BP) and the other way around. Chan and Huff (1993) state arrangement of an IS plan and the field-tested strategy is significant and it prompts IS proficiency and worth. A more intensive glance at the targets embracing an IS/IT procedure as indicated by Ward and Peppard (2002) recommends that the SISP procedure is utilized for adjusting IS/IT with business and increase upper hand from business openings made by utilizing IS/IT. In any case, not all IT anticipates are executed and numerous components have been recognized that add to IT disappointments. One of the principle disappointments that have been featured is that the 14 inability to actualize is because of the arranging procedure and its practices (Hartono et al.2003). Another serious issue that has been seen in SISP is inability to make an interpretation of objectives and destinations without hesitation plans (Teo Ang, 2001 in Hartono et al., 2003) and absence of help for IT engineering and furthermore the length of SISP have been seen as components adding to low pace of usage. As indicated by Reich and Benbasant (1996) is a procedure. It is extraordinary to every association and utilizations both the IT and business information to help business targets. In this manner, it is essential to carry IT into the principle business stream and let IT work as a substance in the business. For this to occur, the senior officials in the organizations must cooperate and characterize the business needs and casing an IS/IT and business methodology to help the business objectives and destinations. Consequently, for an association to accomplish upper hand and improve business execution it is critical to adjust its IS/IT plan with the field-tested strategy, and IS/IT frameworks ought to be utilized as per the assets and the capacities of the association in the midst of ecological changes. SISP is an approach to execute those IS/IT frameworks not exclusively to accomplish upper hand yet additionally for appropriate working in the ever-changing business condition. Business Aligning and Business Impact of IS IT As a result of the multifaceted nature of the vital data frameworks arranging procedure and uniqueness of every association, there is nobody most ideal approach to handle it. Vitale, et al. (1986) arrange SISP techniques into two classifications: effect and arrangement. Effect techniques help make and legitimize new employments of IT, while the approachs in the arrangement class adjust IS targets with hierarchical objectives. 1) Impact Methodologies Worth Chain Analysis: The idea of significant worth chain is considered finally by Michael Porter (1984). As per him, each firm is an assortment of exercises that are performed to configuration, produce, showcase, convey, and bolster its item. Every one of these exercises can be spoken to utilizing a worth chain. Doorman proceeds to clarify that data innovation is one of the significant help exercises for the worth chain. Data frameworks innovation is especially inescapable in the worth chain, since each worth action makes and uses data. A firm that can find a superior innovation for playing out a movement than its rivals in this manner increases upper hand (Porter, 1985). Along these lines esteem chain examination: (an) Is a type of business movement examination which decays an endeavor into its parts. Data frameworks are gotten from this examination. (b) Helps in formulating data frameworks which increment the general benefit accessible to a firm. (c) Helps in distinguishing the potential for shared business points of interest of part organizations, in the equivalent or related enterprises, accessible from data exchange. (d) Concentrates on esteem including business exercises and is free of authoritative structure. Qualities: The fundamental quality of significant worth chain examination is that it focuses on direct worth including exercises of a firm and along these lines pitches data frameworks directly into the domain of significant worth including as opposed to cost cutting. Shortcomings: Value chain investigation experiences a couple of shortcomings, in particular, (an) It just gives a more elevated level data model for a firm and neglects to address the improvement and usage issues, (b) Because of its emphasis on inner tasks rather than information, it neglects to characterize an information structure for the firm. 2) Alignment Methodologies Business Systems Planning (BSP): The strategy centers around business forms which thusly are gotten from an associations business crucial, and objectives. Business forms are broke down to decide information needs and, at that point, information classes. Comparative information classes are joined to create databases. The last BSP plan depicts a general data frameworks design just as establishment timetable of individual frameworks. Steps in a BSP study are: Barlow (1990) and Ledrer and Sethi (1988) have talked about qualities and shortcomings of BSP. Qualities: Because BSP joins a top down business examination approach with a base up execution procedure, it speaks to an incorporated system. In top down system, BSP builds up a general comprehension of marketable strategies and supporting IS needs through joint conversations. Shortcomings: (a) BSP requires a strong duty from the top administration and their generous association. (b) It requires a high level of IT experience inside the BSP p

A Changing World essays

A Changing World expositions The sixteenth century was a period of investigation and development. Started by the Renaissance, the individuals of Europe started to address and examine. The people groups interest and want for better merchandise from Asia drove them to take to the high oceans looking for a simpler way to the Orient. One of these bold mariners was Christopher Columbus under the nation of Spain. In his endeavors to discover Asia, Columbus coincidentally unearthed another world. This new world contained different societies and individuals totally different from the Europeans. Because of Columbuss disclosure of the New World the exceptionally one of a kind and antiquated culture of the Native Americans was quenched. It was a terrible thing that the Europeans beat these antiquated clans of the Americas. The Native American societies had a huge effect on Europe. The nourishment items from the New World were imperative to the individuals in Europe. Local New World plants, for example, tobacco, maize, beans, tomatoes, and particularly the humble potato in the long run reformed the universal economy just as the European eating regimen, (Kennedy 14). These items were given to the early Europeans as blessings from the Indians. With these new products Europe had the option to take care of its whole people during the quick populace development of the Old World (Kennedy 14). This nourishment additionally fortified the European economy permitting numerous dealers to make high benefits. Another significant blessing from the Americas was gold. This surge of valuable metal ignited a cost transformation that expanded purchaser costs by 500 percent... (Kennedy 17). This colossal pay of bullion helped merchants to utilize a standard for money and animated the economy. The experience with the local societies of the Americas brought thriving, riches, and land to the Europeans. However the Old World culture was the just one to benefit. The attack of the Europeans into the New World crushed the local societies of... <!

How personality factors affect global management capability - 2750 Words

How personality factors affect global management capability (Essay Sample) Content: How personality factors affect global management capability Studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s name University Course Date How personality factors affect global management capability Introduction Management has been evolving for quite some time since the beginning of this century. Competition and the need to expand to global markets have led business to develop management competencies that can be on a global level. Research has shown that personality traits are important in leadership since they form the leadership traits that an individual has and can be used as a measure that can help improve management. Further, research has shown a close link between personality and job performance by the individual. Personality entails a blend of unique characteristics that distinguish an individual from another; these unique characteristics form traits that are applied in making leadership decisions and defining a leader CITATION Bal05 \l 1033 (Balkis, 2005). According to Hamilton (2001) leaders are identified through a combination of leadership and personality traits that differ according to situations that the leader is in. This gave rise to demographic homogeneity and diversity of personnel which increased globalization and cultural diversity in the workplace that needed deep and strong personality oriented individuals to manage this changing workforce. These traits can be appraised to determine leadership patterns that the individual posses and how they can be improved. This essay focuses on leadership and management skills based on personality traits using the 123 personality test and how they can be improved (123 Test, 2016). Global management capabilities Capability management is the balancing of the business economy to meet the operational requirements based on the available capabilities and developing future capabilities to meet strategic and operational objectives of a business. However, management capabilities have taken a global dimension with the increasing international presence of companies. Organizationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ are preparing their managers for management skills on a global perspective that allows managers to take responsibilities anywhere that the organization sends them (Barrick, Mount Judge 2000). The need to have a manager who understands the strategic direction of the company is a pillar in the success of any business idea. Organizations have therefore changed the way managers are nurtured and created. Every organization is focussed on ensuring that its managers can take up global responsibilities. Therefore global capabilities are developed based on global-scale efficiency, local responsiveness, and the abili ty to leverage learning worldwide CITATION Vro00 \l 1033 (Vroom, 2000). Global managers build worldwide efficiency and competitiveness to meet the strategic needs of the business. Managers are developed along different personality types and soft and hard skills. Hard and soft skills in management Soft skills are subjective and undefined based on the relationships that they have with people. The subjective nature of these skills makes them difficult to measure but their results can be seen in output activities like effective communication and relationships that are build among employees in an organization. This means that soft skills exist more in relationships and the communication that people have. As global managers, several soft skills are important in building an effective manager. These skills include Problem-solving, Conflict resolution, Negotiation, Motivation and Leadership (Laker Powel 2011). McFarlane(2008) states that problem-solving is the ability of a manager to identify problems through understanding the cause of the problem and generate the best feasible solution that satisfies all the parties that are affected. On the other hand conflict resolution is the management and coordination of resources through equal and fair distribution. Marxists argue that conflict arises since resources are minimal and thus competition for the resources attracts imbalances that degenerate into conflict. Human needs proponents argue that a global manager needs to have skills that can identify essential needs of an individual that when threatened lead to conflict CITATION Rai02 \l 1033 (Rainsbury, 2002). Negotiation skills are used in relationships and making of business deals within the work environment. Vroom (2000)suggests that the manager needs to have skills of easily communicating with clients to sale the objectives of the organization and at the same time satisfy the client. Negotiation has been largely defined as a specialized form version of conflict resolution that is employed to arrive at strategic decisions. Negotiations can take different methods of analysis like integrative, process, structural, strategic and structural analysis (Muzio, Fisher, Thomas Peters 2008). Motivation skills are used to develop the work place and make employees to be engaged more in their work. McFarlane (2008) argues that managers need to identify a set of factors that motivate employees. Maslowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s hierarchy of needs shows that the individual focuses on meeting the next need that is up the ladder. Therefore the employee works hard to achieve the next level stage or target that has been set. Hard skills involve the technical skills that the manager needs to posses to create deliverable tangible outputs. These skills are applied in planning and scheduling of tasks, budgeting and assessing and responding to risks at the work place. The skills require the managers to have academic competencies that are based on academic skills that the manager acquires in class.(Ployhart, Lim Chan, 2001). As a global manager it is relevant to understand the leadership and management patterns that are appropriate to the trends that exist within the system. Muzio, Fisher, Thomas Peters (2008) argues that, a global manager has to establish the right mix of both soft and hard skills in management. Different situations in management call for different management skills that are relevant to an organization. The Big Five personality traits Rothmann Coetzer (2003) state that the big five personalities are grouped together using factor analysis using the suggested descriptors of personality. Trait theorists have argued that these five traits are the structure behind all the personality traits that exist. The five traits are extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness and neuroticism. Each of these traits has some primary factors that relate to it. The aim of this model was to correlate academic and personality behaviours that guide the personalities of individuals. From an analysis of personality traits I will analyse the extraversion personality which is my strongest personality type with a score of 76 (123 test, 2016). Extraversion personality indicates easily outgoing individuals who are social and easily relate with others. These personality individuals enjoy being with other people and working social or group situations. With this regard the individual can easily manage group dynamics by fitting in groups and stimulate others through engaging them. Individuals with these sub-traits are friendly, gregarious, assertive, and cheerful and excitement seeking (Rothbart, Ahadi Evans, 2000). Researchers have argued that extroversion is strongly linked to leadership, from the assertive nature of this personality type; it is easy to take up leadership roles when working in groups, individuals with such like personality types are energetic and highly adaptable with positive outlook (DeYoung, Quilty Peterson 2007; Feiler Kleinbaum 2015). Further research has linked extroverts to intelligence which is a key measure in problem-solving and influencing followership. Jobs that require high interaction with pe ople are best suited for extroverts. How extrovert personality impacts global management capabilities Extroverts are born with the essential to speak and socialize with other people at the work place. This personality types present both negative and positive impacts at the work place and on larger global management perspective. Extroverts have been described to make good networks through building right connections that make them easily noticed by people. Since the personality type exhibits influencing characteristics, I can easily associate with others and make the best relationships. Leaders are supposed to be vocal and have the ability to face issues easily rather than keeping quite. Leading an extrovert group can make management accountable for the decisions they make and increase the ability to solve problems at work level. The personality type makes me overwhelmed with lots of praises due to the ability to rally the troops to do just about anything at just about any time. Psychologists have described extrovert leadership as working better in situations where members require spoo n-fed motivation. Sometimes global management becomes a challenge to extroverts since different group characteristics have different attitudes and defined traits that may not work well with extroverts CITATION Pau01 \l 1033 (Paunonen Ashton, 2001). On the other hand being too vocal can make my teams look inferior and thus easily comply with decisions that are made. I am a poor listeners who easily tramples on others by acting without thinking and thus on the extreme, these capabilities have been described as subpar. Sometimes somebody needs to speak up so that people can realize the mistakes that they have made and correct. Introverts will fear extroverts and fail to ask them questions since they cannot afford to be too talkative. However,, I can make a better leader if I create groups that offer a contrast to my abilities. This makes me proactive and deeply engaged in team leadership. ...

Social And The Environment Impact On Business - 866 Words

Business people today are more aware about the social and the environment impact of their business than in the past. They start taking into account activities in helping others and preserving the environment as a main part of their business model. Business is no longer solely aim for profit as they have much larger purpose than that. However, to achieve that purpose, the business people need the Government and NGOs to create strong synergy in achieving the desirable outcome. For more than five years I had been participating in many social works, focusing on helping people start their own business and become entrepreneurs by giving them tools in how to start and manage their business. Through that time, I didn’t see this type of approach was effective, as many NGO’s and Government were doing similar activities in helping them. Many NGO’s mostly depend on donors and foundation for charity-like of approach which is hard to be sustained. Most of startups and Small Medium Enterprises need support in longer time, not just one off. At least they need the support until they have capacity in solving their basic problems. This is where a synergy between business entities, government and NGOs are greatly needed. There will always be pros and cons of business working together with Government and NGOs, because bureaucracy is often perceived as an obstacle to move business forward. However, even though working with government will need longer time to get the result, business shouldShow MoreRelatedThe Power of Social Media and Its Impact on the Current Business Environment1529 Words   |  7 PagesThe Power of Social Media and its Impact on the Current Business Environment The number of internet users has increased over the last decade due to the development of new technologies, internet availability and improved connectivity. 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Research Instruments

Question: Discuss about practical and ethical issues an experience of the survey. Answer: It is very important to choose proper instrument for conducting the research work. The most popular instrument for collecting the quantitative data from the sample population of the research work is survey questionnaire. In order to conduct a survey, the questionnaire design is very vital. The data collection method of the qualitative research work can be efficiently done by using the interview. In order to conduct the interview, an interview guide is required (Krathwohl, 2009). Practical and ethical issues: The effectiveness of the research work is dependent on the questionnaire used for the data collection method. There are two types of questions: close ended and open ended questions. The questions that have some options or the multiple choice questions are the close ended questions and the questions which required some descriptive answers are considered as the open ended questions (Bryman, 2006). The questions should be attractive also which can ensure that the respondents will not be bored at the time of give their responses to the questions. Generally, the quantitative data are gathered through the use of close ended questions. On the other hand, the open ended questions are used for the collection of qualitative data (Johnson Onwuegbuzie, 2004). Use of the questionnaires for the survey method is associated with some ethical considerations. Before conducting the survey, the consent of the respondents should be taken. The questions should be simple and straightly connected to the research topic. The language of the questions should be clear and formal (Onwuegbuzie Leech, 2006). The questions of the interview should not harm anyones sentiment. The interviewer should not ask any personal question which is not related to the research work. Like the survey, the consent of the respondents is required before conducting the interview (Venkatesh, Brown Bala, 2013). Experience of the survey: The survey was little bit lengthy as it was almost 7 pages long. Generally, people pay little attention to conduct a lengthy survey. Length of 3-4 pages is quite effective for gathering the feedbacks of common people. The questions were good enough to gather the feedbacks against the infrastructure of the university, but too many questions were used in the same area. I got tired to answer some the questions which are about the same fact. The open ended questions were good to collect the viewpoints of the students about the infrastructure of the university and the experiences gathered by the students to complete the study within the university. The questions were clear enough to understand the meaning and then give proper answer to the questions. The questions can be treated as leading as these were able to collect the details about the different types of experiences of the students. I would like to prefer the closed questions, because these questions are less time consuming. Choosing an option from some specific alternatives is much easier than providing written answers. The overall experience can be shared through the use of the close ended questions where the answers to the open ended questions is required to be analyzed to get the idea about the overall experience i.e., whether it is good or bad. I would like to choose the close ended questions for my own research work. Common people have less interest to give responses to the work of another person. In this context, too lengthy questions which require a lot of words to be written will not be able to get the desired level of interest of the target population of the data collection. As the close ended questions takes less time for thinking about the answers, the people will be able to give their responses quickly. The answers which are come within an instance are more effective to know the actual perception of the people. This activity helped me a lot to understand the practical implementation of the data collection process through the use of the survey questionnaire. I have gathered the knowledge of practical issues from my own experience of participating in a survey. I will use this experience in my future research work to achieve the desired level of success by avoiding the potential issues. I will avoid the use of the facts which made me less interested to take participate in the survey such as the wordy open ended questions or similar types of questions. I will also try to design a short questionnaire of 3 to 4 pages. References: Bryman, A. (2006). Integrating quantitative and qualitative research: how is it done?.Qualitative research,6(1), 97-113. Johnson, R. B., Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2004). Mixed methods research: A research paradigm whose time has come.Educational researcher,33(7), 14-26. Krathwohl, D. R. (2009).Methods of educational and social science research: The logic of methods. Waveland Press. Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Leech, N. L. (2006). Linking Research Questions to Mixed Methods Data Analysis Procedures 1.The Qualitative Report,11(3), 474-498. Venkatesh, V., Brown, S. A., Bala, H. (2013). Bridging the Qualitative-Quantitative Divide: Guidelines for Conducting Mixed Methods Research in Information Systems.MIS quarterly,37(1), 21-54

Putting the Jump in a Frog free essay sample

A book review of The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County by Mark Twain. This paper introduces and discusses the short story, The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County by Mark Twain. Specifically it analyzes the dialect of the story and examines how it adds dimension and depth to the characters. From the time Wheeler takes over the narration, Twains tone is casual and humorous. Wheeler begins characterizing Smiley as a man who would bet on anything, even whether a preachers wife would die or not. Lots of the boys here has seen that Smiley, and can tell you about him. Why, it never made no difference to himhed bet on any thing the dangdest feller` (Twain 1262). Already the reader has an idea about Smiley and his wagering. Wheelers words are simple and sound uneducated, but it is clear he is shrewd and knowledgeable about many subjects; he just wants to appear simple. We will write a custom essay sample on Putting the Jump in a Frog or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He sets up the scene for Smiley to teach a frog to jump, and because of his clear and affable explanations, the reader fully believes that Smiley can and will teach the frog to jump, and win yet another bet. `He got him up so in the matter of catching flies, and kept him in practice so constant, that hed nail a fly every time as far as he could see him (Twain 1263). The frog is smart, and the reader cannot see how this agile creature can lose any race, until a stranger with a trick up his sleeve comes to town.